Vivian bought party hats and cupcakes for $71. Each package of party hats cost $3, and each cupcake cost $1. If Vivian bought 10 packages of party hats, how many cupcakes did she buy?

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The correct answer is 41. The number of cupcakes Vivian bought can be found by first finding the amount Vivian spent on cupcakes. The amount Vivian spent on cupcakes can be found by subtracting the amount Vivian spent on party hats from the total amount Vivian spent. The amount Vivian spent on party hats can be found by multiplying the cost per package of party hats by the number of packages of party hats, which yields $3 · 10, or $30. Subtracting the amount Vivian spent on party hats, $30, from the total amount Vivian spent, $71, yields $71 − $30, or $41. Since the amount Vivian spent on cupcakes was $41 and each cupcake cost $1, it follows that Vivian bought 41 cupcakes.

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